BlueOakNx. “Understanding the Energy Demand of the Developing Brain.” BlueOakNx Blog.

BlueOakNx. “Mitochondria, Energy, and the Brain: Notes from Take Back My Brain.” BlueOakNx Blog. Watch

BlueOakNx. “Metabolism, Mitochondria, and Mental Health: Sundeep Dugar, PhD, Featured on the MindHealth360 Podcast.” BlueOakNx Blog. Listen

Johnson, Richard. “Dr. Richard Johnson: A Conversation on the Fat Switch and What We Can Do About It.” BlueOakNx Blog. Watch

BlueOakNx. “Role of Menopause & Mitochondria in Women’s Aging.” BlueOakNx Blog. Watch

BlueOakNx. “Can Exercise Help in Leigh Syndrome?” BlueOakNx Blog.

Dugar, Sundeep. “The Role of Mitochondria and Bioenergetics in the Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles of Becker Muscular Dystrophy: Overview.” BlueOakNx Blog.

Dugar, Sundeep. “Let’s Talk Mitochondria and the Discovery and Role of a New Steroid.” BlueOakNx Blog. Watch

Codino, Heidi, and Sundeep Dugar. “Is Estrogen a Mimic of Exercise to Stimulate Mitochondrial Biogenesis?” BlueOakNx Blog.

“How Lyme Damages Your Mitochondria and Drives Chronic Fatigue.” BlueOakNx Blog.

Naviaux, Robert K. “Cell Danger Response and Mitochondria: A Presentation by Dr. Robert Naviaux.” BlueOakNx Blog.

BlueOakNx. “What Is Inflammation and How Mitochondria Combat Chronic Inflammation.” BlueOakNx Blog.

BlueOakNx. “Salugenesis: How Cells Adapt to Stress.” BlueOakNx Blog.

BlueOakNx. “Mitochondria 101.” BlueOakNx Science.

Lustig, Robert. “Not Your Grandma’s Nutraceutical.” BlueOakNx Blog.

BlueOakNx. “What to Look For in a Safe, Effective Supplement (A Complete Checklist).” BlueOakNx Blog.

BlueOakNx. “Does Mitochondrial Function Shape Cardiovascular Health?” BlueOakNx Blog.

Swerdlow, Russell H., and Shaharyar M. Khan. “A ‘Mitochondrial Cascade Hypothesis’ for Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease.” Medical Hypotheses 63, no. 1 (2004): 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.045.

Short, Kevin R., Maureen L. Bigelow, Jane Kahl, Ravinder Singh, Jill Coenen-Schimke, Sreekumar Raghavakaimal, and K. Sreekumaran Nair. “Decline in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function with Aging in Humans.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, no. 15 (2005): 5618–23. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501559102. Free full text

Nájera, Nayelli, Miguel Ortíz-Flores, Javier Pérez-Durán, Enrique Reyes-Muñoz, José Romo-Yañez, Guillermo Ortiz-Luna, Francisco Villarreal, Eduardo Meaney, Guillermo Ceballos, and Araceli Montoya-Estrada. “Improving Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women with an (−)-Epicatechin-Based Nutraceutical: A Randomly Assigned, Double-Blind vs. Placebo, Proof-of-Concept Trial.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 1 (2024): 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010195. Free full text

Gutiérrez-Salmeán, Gabriela, P. Ortiz-Vilchis, C. M. Vacaseydel, I. Rubio-Gayosso, Eduardo Meaney, Francisco Villarreal, Israel Ramírez-Sánchez, and Guillermo Ceballos. “Acute Effects of an Oral Supplement of (−)-Epicatechin on Postprandial Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Normal and Overweight Subjects.” Food & Function 5, no. 3 (2014): 521–27. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3FO60416K. Free full text 

German, Iris Jasmin Santos, Karina Torres Pomini, Jesus Carlos Andreo, João Vitor Tadashi Cosin Shindo, Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro, Claudia Rucco P. Detregiachi, Adriano Cressoni Araújo, et al. “New Trends to Treat Muscular Atrophy: A Systematic Review of Epicatechin.” Nutrients 16, no. 2 (2024): 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16020326. Free full text

Taub, Pam R., Israel Ramirez-Sanchez, Theodore P. Ciaraldi, Silvia Gonzalez-Basurto, Ramon Coral-Vazquez, Guy Perkins, Michael Hogan, et al. “Perturbations in Skeletal Muscle Sarcomere Structure in Patients with Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes: Restorative Effects of (−)-Epicatechin-Rich Cocoa.” Clinical Science 125, no. 8 (2013): 383–89. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20130023.

Gutiérrez-Salmeán, Gabriela, Eduardo Meaney, Miguel A. Lanaspa, Christina Cicerchi, Richard J. Johnson, Sundeep Dugar, Pam Taub, et al. “A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study on the Effects of (−)-Epicatechin on the Triglyceride/HDLc Ratio and Cardiometabolic Profile of Subjects with Hypertriglyceridemia: Unique In Vitro Effects.” International Journal of Cardiology 223 (2016): 500–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.158. 

McDonald, Craig M., Israel Ramirez-Sanchez, Björn Oskarsson, Nanette Joyce, et al. “(−)-Epicatechin Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Markers of Muscle Regeneration in Adults with Becker Muscular Dystrophy.” Muscle & Nerve 63, no. 2 (2021): 239–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.27108. Free full text 

Ramirez-Sanchez, Israel, Pam R. Taub, Theodore P. Ciaraldi, L. Nogueira, T. Coe, Guy Perkins, Michael Hogan, et al. “(−)-Epicatechin Rich Cocoa Mediated Modulation of Oxidative Stress Regulators in Skeletal Muscle of Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes Patients.” International Journal of Cardiology 168, no. 4 (2013): 3982–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.089. Free full text

Picard, Martin, and Bruce S. McEwen. “Psychological Stress and Mitochondria: A Systematic Review.” Psychosomatic Medicine 80, no. 2 (2018): 141–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000545. Free full text

Naviaux, Robert K., Jane C. Naviaux, Kefeng Li, A. Taylor Bright, William A. Alaynick, Lin Wang, Asha Baxter, Neil Nathan, Wayne Anderson, and Eric Gordon. “Metabolic Features of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 37 (2016): E5472–80. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607571113.

Naviaux, Robert K., Brooke Curtis, Kefeng Li, Jane C. Naviaux, A. Taylor Bright, et al. “Low-Dose Suramin in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Small, Phase I/II, Randomized Clinical Trial.” Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology 4, no. 7 (2017): 491–505. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.424. Free full text

Civitarese, Anthony E., Stacy Carling, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Mathew H. Hulver, Barbara Ukropcova, Walter A. Deutsch, Steven R. Smith, and Eric Ravussin. “Calorie Restriction Increases Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Healthy Humans.” PLoS Medicine 4, no. 3 (2007): e76. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040076. Free full text

Naviaux, Robert K. “Metabolic Features and Regulation of the Healing Cycle—A New Model for Chronic Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment.” Mitochondrion (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2018.08.001.

Youle, Richard J., and Derek P. Narendra. “Mechanisms of Mitophagy.” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 12, no. 1 (2011): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3028. Free full text

Narendra, Derek P. “Managing Risky Assets – Mitophagy in Vivo.” Journal of Cell Science 134, no. 19 (2021): jcs240465. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.240465. Free full text

Barnett, Christopher F., Aldo Moreno-Ulloa, Sruti Shiva, Israel Ramirez-Sanchez, Pam R. Taub, Yongxuan Su, Guillermo Ceballos, Sundeep Dugar, George Schreiner, and Francisco Villarreal. “Pharmacokinetic, Partial Pharmacodynamic and Initial Safety Analysis of (−)-Epicatechin in Healthy Volunteers.” Food & Function 6, no. 3 (2015): 824–33. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4FO00596A. Free full text

BlueOakNx. “Metabolism, Mitochondria, and Mental Health: Sundeep Dugar, PhD, Featured on the MindHealth360 Podcast.” BlueOakNx Blog. Listen

Dugar, Sundeep. “Energy Powerhouse: Mitochondria & More.” Interview by Dr. Rahman and Dr. Ahmad. Two Curious MDs. Podcast.

Jäger, Sibylle, Christoph Handschin, Julie St.-Pierre, and Bruce M. Spiegelman. “AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Action in Skeletal Muscle via Direct Phosphorylation of PGC-1α.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 29 (2007): 12017–22. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705070104. Free full text 

Dugar, Sundeep, Francisco Villarreal, Frank H. Hollinger, and Dinesh Mahajan. “11-β-Hydroxysterols as Possible Endogenous Stimulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis as Inferred from Epicatechin Molecular Mimicry.” Pharmacological Research 151 (2020): 104540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104540. 

Wu, Zhidan, Pere Puigserver, Ulf Andersson, Chenyu Zhang, Guillaume Adelmant, Vamsi Mootha, Amy Troy, et al. “Mechanisms Controlling Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Respiration through the Thermogenic Coactivator PGC-1.” Cell 98, no. 1 (1999): 115–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80611-X.

Fang, Evandro F., Yujun Hou, Konstantinos Palikaras, Bryan A. Adriaanse, Jesse S. Kerr, Beimeng Yang, Sofie Lautrup, et al. “Mitophagy Inhibits Amyloid-β and Tau Pathology and Reverses Cognitive Deficits in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease.” Nature Neuroscience 22, no. 3 (2019): 401–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0332-9. Free full text

Lustig, Robert. “Welcome and the New Energy Crisis.” BlueOakNx. YouTube video.

Dugar, Sundeep, and Robert Lustig. “Mitochondria & Mental Health: The Energy Crisis in Your Brain.” BlueOakNx. YouTube video.

BlueOakNx. “Mitochondria, Energy, and the Brain: Notes from Take Back My Brain.” BlueOakNx Blog. Watch

Johnson, Richard. “Dr. Richard Johnson: A Conversation on the Fat Switch and What We Can Do About It.” BlueOakNx Blog. Watch

Dugar, Sundeep. “Why Weight Loss, Low Estrogen, and ‘Healthy Aging’ Are Failing Women.” Interview by Jen Pfleghaar. DrTalks video.

BlueOakNx. “Role of Menopause & Mitochondria in Women’s Aging.” BlueOakNx Blog. Watch

Dugar, Sundeep. “Let’s Talk Mitochondria and the Discovery and Role of a New Steroid.” BlueOakNx Blog. Watch

Dugar, Sundeep. “Can One Molecule Mimic the Benefits of Exercise?” Bioregulators & Peptide Summit. DrTalks video.

Naviaux, Robert K. “Mitochondria and the Emerging Science of Salugenesis.” BlueOakNx. YouTube video.

“Mitochondria and Consequences of Their Depletion and Dysfunction.” BlueOakNx. YouTube video.

Dugar, Sundeep. “Bioenergetics and Mitochondria: A Conversation with Sundeep Dugar, PhD.” BlueOakNx. YouTube video.

Dugar, Sundeep. “The Powerhouse Within: Rebuilding Health Through Mitochondrial Regeneration.” Interview by Jaban Moore. MedMaps 2026. DrTalks video.

Dugar, Sundeep. “Mitochondria in the Middle: Closing Remarks.” BlueOakNx. YouTube video.

Dugar, Sundeep. “Mitochondria FAQs.” BlueOakNx. YouTube video.

BlueOakNx. “Mitochondria DeMystified.” YouTube playlist.

Dugar, Sundeep. “Why a Mito Cocktail Might Not Be Enough for Autism, PANS/PANDAS.” DocumentingHope. Webinar.